When certain semi-conducting materials, such as certain kinds of silicon, are exposed to sunlight, they release small amounts of electricity. This process is known as the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect refers to the emission, or ejection, of electrons from the surface of a metal in response to light. It is the basic physical process in which a solar electric or photovoltaic (PV) cell converts sunlight to electricity.

Sunlight is made up of photons, or particles of solar energy. Photons contain various amounts of energy, corresponding to the different wavelengths of the solar spectrum. When photons strike a PV cell, they may be reflected or absorbed, or they may pass right through. Only the absorbed photons generate electricity. When this happens, the energy of the photon is transferred to an electron in an atom of the PV cell (which is actually a semiconductor).

With its newfound energy, the electron escapes from its normal position in an atom of the semiconductor material and becomes part of the current in an electrical circuit. By leaving its position, the electron causes a hole to form. Special electrical properties of the PV cell—a built-in electric field—provide the voltage needed to drive the current through an external load (such as a light bulb).

How Will We Make Solar Energy More Effective?

This issue is very simple.  The energy is there, determining how to harness it and utilize it is the problem.  If only 1/10th of the Nevada desert was used to harness solar energy with panels, it could provide enough energy for the entire U.S.  We already have the technology and it's getting more efficient, but only with the willingness of the government to invest in and utilize solar power will its success be ensured.

First the government has to change its policies and make it mandatory that all the public places switch to solar power. For example, all public schools, federal buildings, and military bases should covert to solar power.  This will help boost investments in the technology to make improvements that can be utlitized by the general public.  Once the American's becomes aware of solar power, and it's affordability, they will be willing to switch to this natural, eco-friendly and definitely renewable energy source.

Pros for Using Solar Energy

• Environmental effect - very good for the environment.  No air pollution - although some might consider it "visual" pollution.  A solution to the visual problem would be to develop more innovative designs that are attractive as well as being effective.
   

• Nevada could receive massive amounts of money for selling their electricity generated in the desert.
   

• Solar panels can be used everywhere in the U.S.
   

• Ideal locations would be states that have a lot of sunshine  Prime locations would be those areas with year-round sun, and minimal cloud cover.
   

• Potential for becoming a major future energy source - very likely, with help from the government and willing investors.